What characteristic differentiates neutrons from alpha and beta particles?

Neutrons are uniquely characterized by their lack of electrical charge. Unlike alpha particles, which are composed of two protons and two neutrons and possess a positive charge, and beta particles, which are high-energy, high-speed electrons or positrons resulting from the decay of a neutron, neutrons themselves are neutral and carry no electrical charge. This neutrality plays a crucial role in nuclear reactions, as neutrons can penetrate atomic nuclei without being repelled by the positive charges of protons, thus influencing stability and reactions within the nucleus.

The other statements do not accurately represent the properties of neutrons; for instance, neutrons are not heavier than alpha particles, which are actually more massive due to their composition. Additionally, neutrons are not always emitted with alpha particles; while both particles are involved in certain types of radioactive decay, their emission is dependent on the specific decay process and the isotope in question.